Re-Interpreting Internet Activism A Study of Its...

With the increasing number of protests mobilised through social networks, the Internet is coming to be seen either as a force of liberation or as the new generation’s â€Å"cyber-utopia†, creating unfounded optimism and hopes of emancipation. The former view claims that social networks play a key role in shaping debates about protests and in spreading democratic ideas around the globe (especially in the case of Arab Spring).The latter view advocates that the role of internet has been exaggerated in the narratives of these protests because the very working class which fuelled the revolution did not have access to these technologies. This view suggests that it is not Facebook or Twitter that has brought about these revolutionary changes but†¦show more content†¦Considering the political climate and the nature of public participation before and after the advent of internet activism, this paper suggests that there is a strong correlation between the nature of the state (comprising of the ideologies of the regime and its people), internet activism and its outcomes. Drawing from theoretical frameworks and linking it to incidences of digital age protests around the world, this paper argues that the question of internet activism contributing to the evolution of the process of public participation can be answered holistically only if the nature of the state is taken into account. Middle East It is with the Arab Spring that the advent of internet activism was acknowledged worldwide. For the first time, the internet was used in mass mobilization of the citizenry To illustrate further, in countries like Egypt and Tunisia, citizens have made effective use of social networks to catalyse the revolution. The success of the Egyptian revolt should also be attributed to the lack of opposition from the military and the elite (who succumbed under the social and economic pressure) in addition to theShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography: Plagiarism39529 Words   |  158 Pagesï » ¿Plagiarism Bibliography Buckwalter, J. A., Wright, T., Mogoanta, L. and Alman, B. (2012), Plagiarism: An assault on the integrity of scientific research. J. Orthop. Res., 30:  1867 1868. Granitz, N. and Loewy, D. (2007). Applying Ethical Theories: Interpreting and Responding to Student Plagiarism. Journal of Business Ethics, 72(3), 293-306. Luke, B. and Kearins, K. (2012), Attribution of words versus attribution of responsibilities: Academic plagiarism and university practice. Vaccine, 30(50):Read MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 PagesJohnson, Richard Whittington and Kevan Scholes to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Pearson Education is not responsible for the content of third party internet sites. ISBN: 978-0-273-73557-1 (printed) ISBN: 978-0-273-73552-6 (web) All rights reserved. Permission is hereby given for the material in this publication to be reproduced for OHP transparencies and student handouts, without express permission ofRead MoreCrm in Supermarkets30832 Words   |  124 PagesEB 2003-02 February 2003 FOOD INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT CORNELL U N I V E R S I T Y Customer Relationship Marketing (CRM) in the U.S. Supermarket Industry: Current Status and Prospects Gerard F. Hawkes Senior Extension Associate Food Industry Management Program Department of Applied Economics and Management College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-7801 Teaching †¢ Research †¢ Executive Education IT IS THE POLICY OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY actively to supportRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesReed−Lajoux and others . . . This book was printed on recycled paper. Management http://www.mhhe.com/primis/online/ Copyright  ©2005 by The McGraw−Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher. This McGraw−HillRead MoreSolution Fundamental Corporate Finance122999 Words   |  492 PagesSolutions Manual Fundamentals of Corporate Finance 9th edition Ross, Westerfield, and Jordan Updated 09-29-2010 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO CORPORATE FINANCE Answers to Concepts Review and Critical Thinking Questions 1. Capital budgeting (deciding whether to expand a manufacturing plant), capital structure (deciding whether to issue new equity and use the proceeds to retire outstanding debt), and working capital management (modifying the firm’s credit collection policy with its customers)Read MoreCorporate Finance174197 Words   |  697 PagesEnd of Chapter Solutions Corporate Finance 8th edition Ross, Westerfield, and Jaffe Updated 11-21-2006 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO CORPORATE FINANCE Answers to Concept Questions 1. In the corporate form of ownership, the shareholders are the owners of the firm. The shareholders elect the directors of the corporation, who in turn appoint the firm’s management. This separation of ownership from control in the corporate form of organization is what causes agency problems to exist. Management may

Analysis Of The Poem The Odyssey - 978 Words

Penelope is identified by relatively few epithets within the last six books of the Odyssey, and indeed, throughout the poem. Her most common epithet is ‘circumspect,’ although she is also referred to as the ‘respected wife of Odysseus’ and the ‘daughter of Ikarios’ with relative frequency as well. It is not until the end of the poem, specifically Book Twenty-Four, that Penelope gains a broader spectrum of identifying epithets, including ‘blameless’ and ‘prudent’ (Homer, Odyssey 24.194, 198). Her identification as ‘circumspect’ is important to the overall theme of ÃŽ ½ÃÅ'ÏÆ'Ï„Î ¿Ãâ€š (homecoming) in the Odyssey. In addition, the manner in which she is described within the poem stays relatively stable until the last two books, wherein Penelope gains greater depth as a female character when she is reunited with her husband. Penelope, like most women, is identified through her male relatives, in this case through her husband Odysseus and her father Ikarios. This is not an uncommon style of epithets, even amongst the suitors. This is therefore not meant to diminish her role as regent of Ithaka while Odysseus is away at war. However, it should be noted that Penelope feels that her identity is controlled entirely by Odysseus (Homer, Od. 18.251-255). Despite this, Penelope is very much her own independent character, as is shown by her adept ability at stalling the suitors and ruling as regent over Ithaka for the duration of Odysseus’ absence. The most common epithet of Penelope isShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem The Odyssey 991 Words   |  4 Pages1. Penelope In the epic poem of â€Å"The Odyssey† Penelope plays Odysseus’ wife. Though â€Å"The Odyssey† relates the events and triumphs of Odysseus, the poem also tells one of Penelope who, too, is fighting a battle of her own. â€Å"Grieving and breaking her heart, and doing nothing but weep, both night and day continually† (Book 16, page 15) Penelope sulks not only for her husband who has not returned from battle, but also for her son who set sail in search for his father, Odysseus. Poor Penelope is now leftRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Angelica Kauffman Painted Prolifically And The Odyssey Essay2354 Words   |  10 Pagespainted prolifically and was one of the most famous female painters of not only her time but of all time, depending of course on who one asks. Her work in historical genre often depicted scenes or characters from Homer’s epics, the Iliad and The Odyssey. In her position in 18th century Europe, primarily in England, the context of this paper is to argue why she would use Homer’s epics and characters as those through which she painted images of the virtuous female. The intention of this essay is toRead MoreAthena, The Goddess Of Wisdom And Strategy965 Words   |  4 PagesAthena, the goddess of wisdom and strategy, plays an intriguing role throughout The Odyssey. An example of this role is specifically shown in Book 19, as she is present with Odysseus and Telemachus in the halls. In this scene, Athena is shown holding a golden lamp in front of Telemachus and Odysseus as they walk the halls. Odysseus is able to see Athena is holding the lamp. However, Telemachus cannot see her and is bedazzled by the golden radiance and glow. As Homer states, Odysseus and his princelyRead MoreAeneid Analysis789 Words   |  4 PagesAeneid By Virgil Written 19 B.C.E Translated by John Dryden Analysis Jazymn Talley SNHU Analysis The intention of Virgil s poem, Aeneid, is to romanticize the origins of the Roman Empire. Aeneid shares many characteristic to Grecian writer Homer s Epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey. Much of Roman culture is modeled after or inspired by the Greeks, especially the arts. Roman art, writings, religion, and celebrations were on the rise as they experienced a time of rest, enabling themRead MoreThe Truth Behind The Myth1471 Words   |  6 Pagesas the poems of Homer. They were told orally, passed on like a campfire story. Homer authored both The Iliad and The Odyssey. The Iliad is the story of the Trojan war, while The Odyssey is about Odysseus’ ten year adventure home from the war. â€Å"The story of the Trojan War, the Bronze Age conflict between the kingdoms of Troy and Mycenaean Greece, straddles the history and mythology of ancient Greece and inspired the greatest writers of antiquity† (Trojan War, history.com). Homer’s poem paintsRead MoreComparati ve Analysis of the Aeneid, Odyssey, and Iliad Essay962 Words   |  4 PagesComparative Analysis of the Aeneid, Odyssey, and Iliad The Iliad and the Odyssey are two of the best Greek epics written by Homer. Despite their popularity, almost nothing is known about the author beyond the existence of his masterpieces. Surprisingly enough no concrete evidence of his existence is available; not even to confirm the same person created the two works. The authorship of the Iliad and the Odyssey were debated even in the times of the ancient Greeks. Many scholars have arguedRead MoreLeda And The Swan Poem Analysis1260 Words   |  6 Pagesthat depict the cynical dehumanization and assault of women, and as well as the scenic mountains of Vermont, where an incident and the death of a young man is symbolic to the constant warfare that the soldiers endure daily. Likewise, allusion in the poems â€Å"Leda and the Swanâ€Å" by W. B. Yeats, â€Å"Out, Out---† by Robert Frost, and â€Å"Siren Songâ€Å" by Margaret Atwood reveals the historical conflicts that occurred within Greek mythology and World War I. To begin with, in â€Å"Leda and the Swan† by W. B. Yeats, heRead MoreAn Analysis of Loyalty in Homer’s Odyssey1555 Words   |  7 PagesAn Analysis of Loyalty in Homer’s Odyssey In short, The Odyssey is a story of the war hero Odysseus’ pain and suffering caused by the extensive separation from his family and home during the chronicle of events after the fall of Troy. In the unraveling of these adventures, the reader is immersed in a world of heroic feats, strange creatures and lustful gods. However, behind all the myths and legends, there are a wide variety of underlying themes and concepts, which not only develop the plot andRead More Descent to the Underworld in the Aeneid by Virgil and the Odyssey by Homer1534 Words   |  7 Pagesand the Odyssey I chose to compare the Odyssey written by the Greek poet Homer and the Aeneid by the Roman poet Virgil. I will focus my interest on Book 11 of the Odyssey and Book 6 of the Aeneid, since that is when both of the main characters make an educational visit to the underworld. The description of the underworld created by Homers wild imagination, inspired Virgil eight centuries later. Virgils masterpiece was planned as an imitation of Homers poems, so oneRead MoreEssay about Analysis of Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s Epic Poem Ulysses1191 Words   |  5 PagesLord Tennyson’s epic poem Ulysses is composed as a dramatic monologue, consisting of four stanzas each of which frankly discuss the speakers current situation and yearning for adventure. The use of iambic pentameter provides a sense of fluidity to the speaker’s voice. The speaker reveals himself to be the protagonist of the poem with the opening line â€Å"It little profits that an idle king† (1). The use of the word â€Å"idle† offers the first clue as to one of the main themes of the poem. Tennyson much like

Reciprocity and Stakeholder Responsibility †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Reciprocity and Stakeholder Responsibility. Answer: Introduction Walmart is a multinational corporation, which operates as departmental stores, grocery stores or hypermarkets (Walmart.com. 2017) It is situated in America and having its headquarter at Bentoville. It was found in the year 1969 and was founded by Sam Walton. It has its wings in the other countries as well. By revenue, Walmart is said to be the worlds largest company and the supermarket is also having the largest private employer in the world. The business is family owned as the family of the Walton is controlling the company. It is also regarded as the largest grocery store in United States. By taking into account the business environment, the firm is as well looking forward to set up their branch in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Walmart.com. 2017; Laszlo et al.2012). With the services of Walmart, one can find smarter solutions for everydays life at a very low price. The service of the Walmart can induce memories to life through the photo services, photo cards and albums and this even would not hurt the budget (Walmart.com. 2017). The Walmart through their services also take care of health of customers and their families. The Walmarts grocery service can come in use while one can online order the groceries, even the pantry and food staples would be handpicked by the Walmart associate (Laszlo et al.2012). The strategic decision of the company is also a direct understanding of the business or the mission of the company. The mission of the Walmart is Saving people so that they can live better. This statement at the same time is similar to the slogan of the company Save money. Live Better (Laszlo et al.2012). Through the statement of the business makes the business in todays world much better and this statement as well looks forward to make the company better tomorrow. It is being the largest retail store in the world, it means more than 260 million customers each and every week (Walmart.com. 2017). The company owes its success to the founders idea, Sam Walton. These ideas are being taken into consideration as the vision statement of the company (Fassin 2012). It focuses on becoming the best retailer in the minds and hearts of both employees and consumers. The company has set its aim to achieve the topmost position in the retail industry (Walmart.com. 2017). Based on the current situation of the company, the firm has fulfilled to become the best retailer as mentioned in the vision statement. The vision of Walmart also indicate the hearts and minds of the people, which matter the most in the sphere of business, that is to say both employees and consumers. Realistically, the company has influenced the consumers minds based on the financial benefits. Executing and developing the international strategy of e-commerce. Enhancing the growth of the online channel worldwide The market is having the availability of accessible stores in order to meet needs of the customers (Fassin 2012). Maintaining the excellent services of the customers, which incorporate the needs of the customers at the affordable prices. Implementing the productivity initiatives Balancing the commitment to the aggressive growth along with their plan of long term The company is enhancing the values of the shareholders (Alvesson 2012). Planning: The concept of diversity is needed to be included in the workforce. In United States, such inclusion of the diversity was included and the firm hopes for Respect for the individuals. The Walmart, according to the diversity and inclusion report helps to increase the independent living and the employment opportunities for the people who are suffering from disabilities in United States of America. Similarly, such organization or planning can be well implemented in the KSA (Walmart.com. 2017). Organizing: While setting the vision and goals in order to manage the better form of workforce diversity, it is also important to ensure that the company is practicing the appropriate job while organizing the business in a way that it encourages the process of including diversity (Walmart.com. 2017). However, the management of the diversity of workforce can be done before the establishment of offices, there would be no doubt that the establishment of the offices has given the diversity issues in the higher priority in the daily management work. It provides the structural support to the management of diversity (Bera 2015). Staffing: In terms of staffing, the strategic human resources are needed in the long run. Walmart used special ways in order to make sure that the workforce diversity have been included into the strategic recruitment and the process of human resource planning. In terms of the training of diversity and encouraging the better functioning of the team, the means of increasing the awareness of the culture, relative skills can be enhanced the working of the employees in the organization (Walmart.com. 2017). Controlling: In order to make sure the diversity in the workplace of the Walmart is respected and the company would enforce Equal Employment Opportunity through adopting major controlling mechanisms, evaluating the feedback from the employees (Walmart.com. 2017). Firstly, it is important for the company to check the disparities in gender, race by checking into the differences of pay in the Gender. The second controlling system is the evaluation manager and the supervisors regarding their contributions in the organizations. Third controlling system is the monitoring o the perception of employees through the means of survey. Stakeholders of Walmart The probable stakeholders for Walmart in KSA are having their different levels of priority. The following are the group of stakeholders who are arranged according to the priority and they are Investors Customers Employees Suppliers Investors: Investors always take interest in the profits. They demand that the Walmart to earn more profits, which would convert to dividends of the higher, rate or share of per earnings. In relation, the investors are taking interest in minimizing the cost of operations of the company. Walmart gives importance to the investors and this is why, the company would continue to minimize cost by minimizing wages (Walmart.com. 2017). Customers: They are basically included in the group of stakeholder in the business forum. In the case of Walmart, customers take part in buying things in low prices as long as these goods have the quality of acceptability (Walmart.com. 2017). This is quite visible among the American consumers. The company in KSA has to address the interest of the customers as the stakeholders. The company through the maintenance of cost leadership involves while offering the lowest possible prices to their customers. Employees: The employees of the Walmart are also considered as an important stakeholder. The employees working in the organization opt for two prime interests such as higher wages and security of jobs. The company would provide in KSA, programs and policies which would provide a greater or the considerable degree of job security (Walmart.com. 2017). Suppliers: Suppliers are interested in achieving their products sold at the stores of Walmart in a more profitable way. This interest incorporates not only the selling of the products of the suppliers but also the selling of the products at profitable rates. Suppliers are in the bottom in terms of stakeholders at the priority level of Walmart (Walmart.com. 2017; Freeman and Moutchink 2013). Managerial planning The different types of planning in the different levels of management incorporate strategically, tactical, and operational. Operational plans are required to attain the tactical strategies, which leads to the development of the goals of organization. Strategic plans: In order to understand the link in between the different types of plans, strategic plan is being one of them and it is designed for the entire Walmart Organization of KSA. The top level managers such as presidents or CEO, would design and yield output of the strategic plans in order to pain the picture of the future which is desired and the organizations long term goals of the firm (Willaims 2013). The time frame of the strategic plans where the organization wants to be in three, five or even ten years. The top level managers provided strategic plan, serves as an outline for the planning in lower level. The Walmarts strategic growth incorporates bringing improvements in the productivity, profitability and encouraging return on the investments. It requires the involvement in the multi levels so that each level of the firm is playing a significant role while trying to achieve the objectives. Tactical plans: Next comes the tactical planning, which looks for the next level of the planning. The tactical planning renders support by converting the plans into certain logical plans, which are distinct to the area of organization (Willaims 2013). The tactical plans are concerned with the functionality and responsibility of the departments in the lower level in order to fulfill their parts of the plan of strategy. Tactical planning might take one year or less than one year. In compare to the strategic planning, it is far more detailed than the strategic planning. It might take one year or less than that. The Walmart in KSA needs to develop the flexibility in this plan for the maintenance of the breakdowns of machinery (Willaims 2013). Operational Plans: These are the plans which are framed by the low line managers or front line managers. The front line managers focused on the particular procedures, which happen in the lowest levels of the organization. Managers must come across some routines of the departments who are using details of higher level. Operational plans can be either ongoing plans or single use. Single use plans are those, which can be used only once. The plans incorporate activities could not be repeated more than once. Through the creation of the monthly budget and developing the promotional advertisements for the quarter in order to increase the sales of the products is an example of how a company must run. Walmart is an important example in United States (Willaims 2013). The ongoing plans are those plans, which are constructed to experience the test of time. They are constructed with the intention to be used many times and undergo transformation whenever it is necessary. Outlining the performance goal of an employee could be taken into consideration as an ongoing plan that Walmart at KSA must develop update and assess. The ongoing plans are typically rules and procedures, which gives help to a manager while understanding the responsibilities his role as a manager. The time frame of this plan is 1 year maximum. Goals of Walmart The goal of the Walmart would be sustainability goals as KSA always look forward for the environmental sustainability and the goals are described in SMART procedure. Specific: The goal has targeted to create a zero waste, carry out its operation with 100 percent energy, which is renewable in nature, and sell the products, which would sustain environment and resources (Walmart.com 2017). Measurable: It is measurable from the point of view of powering 50% sources of renewable energy and 100% recyclable packaging for the brands, which are privately labeled. Achievable: The goal is achievable as the goal is both measurable and specific as the plan is not ambiguous and must be practically implemented. Realistic: The plan is realistic as the Walmart in KSA has planned to open up the environmental and labor groups. Time period: The company planned to implement the work within the stipulated period of time and that is in 11 years (Walmart.com 2017). Value chain analysis of Walmart at KSA Kingdom of Saudi Arabia develops comprehensive approaches and strategies that take into account all the elements, critical in nature, which is required for the organizational success. Accordingly, Value chain analysis of the Walmart can be utilized in this case Primary activities: Inbound logistics: KSA believes in punctuality and against this that the suppliers of the Walmart would be responsible for giving materials on time. The Walmart at the same time would also apply a code of conduct for the suppliers. The Walmart always focused on the long term relationships for the serious sourcing and keeping the prices low (Gereffi and Fernandez 2016; Wallmart.com 2017). Operations: Walmart has targeted to create more than 100 retail stores in the KSA. There wuld be 100 Walmart stores in a small format and later on the firm has opened 700 neighborhood markets in KSA. Outbound logistics: At the main centre of the Walmarts Inventory management technique practices is known by the name cross docking (Gereffi and Fernandez 2016). The products that have been received from the suppliers would be cross- docked at the centre of distribution and then it would be forwarded to the stores. This would keep the transportation and inventory costs low and cuts down. Marketing and Sales: The Walmart needs to keep in account the living standard of KSA and can increase their cost of their items. The strategy of low price is an essential part of the marketing of Walmart. For the promotional activities, Walmart can use the promotion of brands (Gereffi and Fernandez 2016). Technology: From the point of technologies, Walmart has made the supply chain management as well as the customer care services. From the smarter apps to the e-commerce websites, the Walmart can obtain the use of technology in order to gain improvements (Walmart.com 2017). HR management: The company faced several criticisms for the poor HR practices. In KSA, it can promote people who are having better pay and higher responsibilities. Procurement: As the strategy of the market of KSA is to maintain relationships with the suppliers in order to maintain its cost, the Walmart there must follow the same rules and procedures with the suppliers (Walmart.com 2017). Organizational Culture The Walmart organization in Saudi Arabia needs to cooperate with the organizational culture of the company. The organization needs more foreign labors working for their form. It has been argued that hiring decisions made the private organizations are not based alone on the mandates of the government. As the organization of United States is a family owned, the country would welcome the family owned business in their country (Allverson 2012). The business of Saudi Arabia is family based and they believe in the loyalty culture with the employees. Every contact within the organization, the company needs to take into consideration as important. The leader of the firm would often include the group in the discussion based on consensus style. It is important for boss in the firm to have respected. The company of KSA encourages diversity, therefore, the managerial style can be well implemented through the mode of planning. The visitors to Wallmart are even expected to dress up in the conservative manner and must wear smart fashion. In any meetings, the women must wear skirts ,which should well below the knee. (Alvesson 2012). Therefore, the company needs to adapt to these particular changes and it carries difference from that of the culture of United States. The Walmart would carry the culture of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia where the employees would be treated as family and accordingly, they need to wear cloths in a more traditional way. The employees will be given the prestige of being a superior part of the company. Unlike in USA, the lower levels of the employees must be given constant organizational support and generally in the organizations of Saudi Arabia, the middle managers as well get the prior importance in terms of their work. They also give approval to the workings of the employees. The Walmart would focus on rendering the greater services to the customers, giving respect to the individuals, it must strive for excellence and the company must take actions with the integrity. Ethics and Laws of Walmart at KSA Wal-Mart is a well known retail organization of U.S.A. However, there is some ethical issues in Wal-Mart working place one of the most important is the favoritism in the workplace. There is no promotion for the female candidates to upper level portion in Wal-Mart. That is a big ethical issue in this organization. On the other hand, the employees having only college degree fail to get promotion in Wal-Mart (Gereffi and Fernandez 2016). There is an Acquisition against Wal-Mart for being anti-union that hampers their ethics. On the other hand, the corporate responsibility is good in the context of Wal-Mart, which often affects the decision of management. The management of such organization often fails to make planning due to the strong and rigid corporate responsibility of Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart provides financial support to the charity across the United States. They donate for hunger relief, healthcare, natural disaster, military outreach, education and healthcare (Corporate.walmart.com 20 17). Their business ethics in KSA includes the maintenance of environmental sustainability by creating zero waste (Godkin 2017). However, the global ethics is associated in promoting the culture of Wal-Mart. Culture of integrity is established by the global ethics in context of Wal-Mart. The most important is to increase the awareness regarding the ethic policies. On the other hand, this organization aims to provide channel to the stakeholders to understand the concern regarding ethics. Global ethics of Wal-Mart must focus on the confidential reporting and it also acts as a resource to make any ethical decision. Regarding the quality of product Wal-Mart focuses on the development of goods, which are ethical and sustainable to environment. However, maintenance of the environmental sustainability is the main ethic of Wal-Mart. They focus on the CSR activities to reduce the wastage from their organization. The policies and law of Wal-Mart include video monitoring. However, the pork supplier should have their firm monitoring video in the context of Wal-Mart. The Sow firms should have video monitoring and a third part audit by the help of technology before supplying the product to Wal-Mart. If the firm does not maintain the rules then they may get notice for 72 hours. Therefore, the fresh pork supplier needs to maintain an audit of annual animal welfare and must consist of grading system as well as the corrective action tracking system. According to the policy of Wal-Mart the suppliers should comply with local federal and state regulatory requirement. They need to follow the food and safety standard of Wal-Mart (Friedman and Gerstein 2017). This organization follows conflict mineral policies. The suppliers of this organization deal with the mineral sourcing policies. Therefore, they follow the OECD guidance to develop mineral policies. The coupon policy of Wal-Mart allows them to accept only the legible coupon. They maintain anti-corruption policy, which resists the method of corrupt payment while dealing with their clients in private sectors and the government. Wal-Mart develops policy to comply with the FCPA or US Foreign Corrupt Practice Law. By the implementation of such policy, any person that may act on behalf of Wal-Mart will not able to give or receive any kind of illegal payment (Corporate.walmart.com 2017). Conclusion Therefore, to conclude it can be stated that, various aspects have to be taken into account while implementing the functions of Walmart in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The introduction of Walmart gives an overview of the company and against this, in the topic, the vision and mission is being noted which describes about the goals or objectives of the company. In this context, the managerial functions, the contributions of the stakeholders, organizational culture, goals ethics and values of the company have been taken into account while addressing the important elements which are needed to be inculcated in the walmart business. Along with the business, the ethics and laws of the business have also been taken into account. Like the other walmart stores, the SKA must as well incorporate the same diversification, rules and regulations of the company, which would lead the firm to gain competitive advantages finally. In terms of culture, the KSA follows different rules and regulations in terms of organizational culture. As the organization has to be family oriented, where the employees would be treated in a much more respectable manner. The strategic management process of Value Chain is being analyzed by keeping in mind the environment of the organization of KSA. Ultimately, the laws and ethics that Walmart follows must be aligned with the cultural structure of the organization in general. Therefore, against this background, such aspects are needed to be taken into account while building Walmart in KSA. In the topic the important goal and objectives of the company is also being noted and such objective has been aligned with the SMART process. By considering everything, the company needs to go through the valuable details of the strategic management, which is being followed in KSA depending upon the standard of living as well as the profit that the company is looking forward to earn in the future. References Alvesson, M., 2012.Understanding organizational culture. Sage. Brea?Sols, H., Casadesus?Masanell, R. and Grifell?Tatj, E., 2015. Business model evaluation: quantifying Walmart's sources of advantage.Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,9(1), pp.12-33. Corporate.walmart.com. 2017.Ethics Integrity. [online] Available at: https://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/ethics-integrity [Accessed 26 Oct. 2017]. Corporate.walmart.com. 2017.Walmart Policies and Guidelines. [online] Available at: https://corporate.walmart.com/policies [Accessed 26 Oct. 2017]. Fassin, Y., 2012. Stakeholder management, reciprocity and stakeholder responsibility.Journal of Business Ethics,109(1), pp.83-96. Freeman, E. and Moutchnik, A., 2013. Stakeholder management and CSR: questions and answers.uwf UmweltWirtschaftsForum,21(1-2), pp.5-9. Friedman, H.H. and Gerstein, M., 2016. Are We Wasting our Time Teaching Business Ethics? Ethical Lapses Since Enron and the Great Recession. Gereffi, G. and Fernandez-Stark, K., 2016. Global value chain analysis: a primer. Godkin, L., 2017. Organizational Learning and Activation of Virtue Ethics in Business.Handbook of Virtue Ethics in Business and Management, pp.1191-1206. Laszlo, C., Brown, J.S., Sherman, D., Barros, I., Boland, B., Ehrenfeld, J., Gorham, M., Robson, L., Saillant, R. and Werder, P., 2012. Flourishing: A vision for business and the world.The Journal of Corporate Citizenship, (46), p.31. Walmart.com. 2017.Welcome to Walmart wholesale.[online] Available at: https://www.walmart.com/ [Accessed 26 Oct. 2017]. Williams, C., 2013.Principles of management. South-Western Cengage Learning.

The Jordan Rules By Sam Smith Essays - Chicago Bulls, Michael Jordan

The Jordan Rules by Sam Smith The book The Jordan Rules, written by Sam Smith, was a biography about the year Micheal Jordan led the Bulls to win the National Basketball Association Championship. The Jordan Rules talks a lot about the tough road that the Chicago Bulls had on their way to a championship. Jordan might not be all the superstar that everyone says he really is according to Sam Smith. The Jordan Rules describes the season and goes into depth in the relationships that Micheal Jordan had with the rest of his teammates. nineteen-ninety was finally the year that the Bulls would shine. That was Jordan's dream before he retired: to win the National Championship, and he did! The Bulls had a long schedule in the 90-91 year, away games, long road trips, and back to back nights. Despite all of the hard times the Bulls went through as a team they pulled through with it. Although there was some other obstacles along the way such as Jordan's inability to get along with all of the teammates. It is recorded that in one practice session Bill Cartwright was hit in the face by Micheal Jordan. They were in a disagreement as to if Micheal distributes the ball to the "bigmen" enough. Sam Smith also says that Jordan is known throughout the Bull's organization for not getting along very good with fellow players. Even with all of the problems inside the club they still looked good on the court and were good enough to win. The Jordan Rules did a very good job of describing a whole year of basketball in one book. It had good, in depth, logs of exactly what the players do on off days and before their games. Although it tells that Jordan was very involved with community service he had problems with the ballclub. He led the team to victory and he got what he wanted, a championship.Micheal Jordan is still the superstar to me that I have always thought he is. The book did not change any feelings I have for him, although I do have more pity on the other Bulls players though. I liked the book and I would recommend it to anyone who is interested in basketball. I doubted some of the things in the book such as Jordan hitting Cartwright, but other than that it was very good.

Burundi Culture free essay sample

This is the objectives of this assessment to know a deeper and detailed culture of Burundi. INTRODUCTION Background Burundi is located in the Central African Region that borders with Rwanda, Tanzania and Congo. Burundi is a little nation surrounded by mountains and lakeside with the capital city called Bujumbura (Embassy of the Republic of Burundi, 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Burundi Culture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With the population of 6,370,609 people, Burundi is considered one of the poorest nations in the world. But on the other hand, Burundi has many natural resources such as alluvial gold, nickel, phosphates, rare earth, vanadium, and peat. Burundi also has two major agricultural resources and they are coffee and tea. Burundi had been independent since 1962. The original inhabitants of Burundi are thought to the Twa people but now there is only 1% of the population left and they are remain isolated. Now Burundi was populated with Hutus and Tutsis as the two main ethnic groups. The Hutu group is their majority with 85% of the population and is usually short and square, whereas the Tutsi group is the minority and usually tall and thin with 14% of the population (Embassy of the Republic of Burundi, 2010). But despite that percentage, the Tutsi group has always been the dominant compared to the Hutu. Standford (2007) stated that up until now Burundi already has 3 democratically elected presidents but two of them have already passed away. The first president is Melchior Ndadaye, but in within few months he had been assassinated in a failed coup attempt along with estimated 300,000 civilians. The second president is Cyprien Ntaryamira and after a few months of becoming president he died in a plane crash but the civilians believed he was killed alongside the president of neighbouring Rwanda. The last president is Sylvestre Ntibantunganya, he only served in the presidency for two years and after that he withdrew himself from the government and parliament. The new president led by Pierre Nkurunziza, he had to faced many challenges because there are rebels group that refuse to cooperate with the peace process. Therefore, there’s no clear end to the clash between Hutu and Tutsi. Access for culture from business point of view. Burundi is a developing country and the national economy is considered unstable. For that reason, doing business in Burundi may be risky and difficult in some circumstances. But if we do business domestically, the location in Burundi may bring a benefit because it is surrounded by countries that make it easy to access to the region around them, and because as a developing country Burundi’s natural resources would be a great sources to do agriculture business. However the geographic location and country recognition of Burundi make it difficult to do international business with another countries outside of its continent. DETERMINANTS OF BURUNDI CULTURE History The history of Burundi was begun in 1860 when the reigns of Rwabugiri came to the thrones and control the region of Burundi and Rwanda (Gascoigne, 2001). Before that time, two different ethnic dominated the local tradition; Tutsi, people that take over the area and win dominance over Hutu, that living by agriculture. Under his control, the reign was organized on a feudal basis, where the Tutsi are the aristocracy and Hutu as their slaves (Gascoigne, 2001). And when first described by a European, Scepe assumed that the distinction between Tutsi and Hutu is racial. But it was questioned, as both ethnic admitted an intermarriage and custom that allowing people to become an honourable member of other group. And a more valid distinction between Tutsi and Hutu is based on occupation and class where the Tutsi is the upper class, and the Hutu as the lower class. The first European that claimed Burundi and Rwanda was the Germany in 1894 and the region was known as Rwanda-Urundi. But the culture of Germany was not that extensive, when the region was taken from their hand during the World War 1 in 1914. Gascoigne (2001) explained that during the war, Belgian moved from the Belgian Congo to occupy Rwanda-Urundi in 1916. In 1925, Rwanda-Urundi was linked with Belgian Congo, but the colonial took a different form of rules in the two territories. Belgian Congo was centred in Brussels, and Rwanda-Urundi was left in the hand of Tutsi aristocracy. From 1933, People in Rwanda-Urundi were issued with a racial identity card, recognizing them as Tutsi (14%) or Hutu (85%). The remaining was known as Twa(1%) the original indigenous in this area (Gascoigne, 2001). Based on Global Edge(2012) in 1957, the Hutu leaders published a Hutu Manifesto, resulting in nationwide campaign of Hutu violence against Tutsi and many Tutsi has fled from Rwanda. One of the authors of Hutu Manifesto, Gregoire Kayibanda scored an overwhelming victory in 1960 election. When an election was held in 1961, the eldest son of Tutsi leader, Prince Rwagasore implemented a solution to recover the conflict between Tutsi and Hutu (Gascoigne, 2001). But a few months later before the independence was formally achieved, he was assassinated. Rwanda-Urundi became independent in July 1962, but the pressure from UN to federate as a single nation, had finally broken down this nation to two different nations (Global Edge, 2012). Urundi became an independent as a constitutional monarchy with a change of name to Burundi. A republic is proclaimed together, but again Tutsi showed their misused power. Ndayizigiye (2005) described the worst ethnic slaughter unleashed upon Hutu after Burundi became independent was in 1972, where about 100,000 people are killed, and among them were nearly all Hutu professional and educated class. The extreme ethnic violence in the following year had brought thousands of deaths on both sides result in between 25,000 and 50,000 in all (Ndayizigiye, 2005). Fourth president of Burundi, Cyprien Ntaryamira was trying to heal the ethnic wounds in 1994, but again he was killed together with the president of Rwanda, Habyarimana in an airplane hen a rocket brought it down. And during the subsequent year, the war continued relentlessly until 1998 when Organization of African Unity (OAU) brought the peace. Geography and Location Burundi’s geographic land is situated on high plateau and it often occurs tremors and earthquakes. Burundi is a tropical country and this causes a variety of tropical diseases such as malaria, dengue and others. The insects carry most of the causes of these diseases. One third of Burundi’s land is used as pastureland while the most fertile lands are on the highlands. The highland in Burundi is the last area in Africa to be reached by the Europeans colonial expansion in 19th century. Most mountain areas are dense with and trees. Most of the wildlife in Burundi consist of warthogs, antelopes, crocodiles, hippopotamus, buffaloes, elephants and baboons which are threatened and endangered because the government of Burundi has not set up any animal reservation and sanctuaries where species can be protected from the danger of extinction. The cause of threatening of these animals are because of the development of the country intrudes the habitat life such as the spread of farming and overgrazing. The development is causing deforestation and erosion on the land of the habitats. Furthermore, the laws of illegal in poaching are not strictly implied within the country causing more and more of illegal poaching to be done which endangers the habitats life. (everyculture, 2012) Economy With 6 million people who are among the poorest in the world, Burundi is one of the smallest economies in Africa. In this light, it is difficult to imagine a development strategy based on the domestic markets. With respect to Burundi’s external markets, they were largely Rwanda and the Eastern provinces of Congo under colonial rule. Burundi is landlocked and dependent on its neighbours’ wrecked road and rail infrastructure in the conduct of its international trade. The country’s isolation within a geographically isolated continent (Fafchamps, 2003). Burundi is a tropical climate where many of the disease like malaria and others tropical disease that restraints the potential of development in Burundi. (Nkurunziza, 2005) Stated for most of the post-independence period, the financial sector was dominated by two commercial banks owned partly by the state and partly by Belgian banks. There was also a government savings bank, a government development bank, and a few non-banking financial institutions. With financial liberalisation in the late 1980s and early 1990s, Burundi’s financial sector has become more diversified. However, the country has no stock market and no dynamic informal financial markets, implying that most financial transactions are carried out through banks. Financial institutions are concentrated in Bujumbura, the capital city, but the main banks have branches in a number of provinces. Education Burundi is still developing on its education system in order to improve the people abilities and potencies. The total rate of adult literacy rate in Burundi is about 67% in 2010 (Unicef, 2012). The education systems of Burundi include preparatory, elementary, high school, college and vocational schooling. Most of the primary and secondary education levels are owned by private entities while tertiary education level is owned by the State. There are formal type and non-formal type of education system. The formal type of education includes six years of primary education, four years of lower secondary education, three years of upper secondary education and four years of higher education. The total of formal education that Burundian normally has is about 17 years. The non-formal type of education includes a vocational school and preparatory school. Vocational school is basically consisting of technical schooling which last five years for the lower level and seven years for the upper level. The education on Burundi is normally commences on October until June annually, it is conducted in Kirundi language in the lower grades and French in the secondary level (spainexchange, 2012). Most of the education in Burundi is free and it is compulsory to children between the ages of seven to twelve to have education. Children are the most important things for Burundian. Burundian sees their children as the insurance of the future success. But only 50% of the eligible children go to school and only 8% of the eligible children go to secondary school. The political instability of the country has affected the essential of having education causing it to be hindered. The lack of teachers and supplies are also became the factors of the education to be hindered. Considering these facts, many parents tend to choose their children to stay at home to care for their younger siblings and work at the field to help their parents. Languages Burundi is a country that has strong oral traditions that consists of fables, legends, poems, riddles and stories. Therefore, a person must learn this country’s languages in order to understand better about the rich oral heritage of the Republic of Burundi (NALRC, 2011). Stanford (2007) stated that the two ethnic groups that called Hutu and Tutsi speak one and the same unique language Kirundi. The Twa group even though they speak with different dialect, their main language are also Kirundi. Kirundi is Bantu language that is the mostly spoken by Burundians and it is also the official language of Burundi’s centuries-old cultural heritage. Burundi’s neighbouring countries such as Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania and the Democratic Republic of Congo are all Kirundi speakers as well. Meanwhile, French are their first foreign language that has become an administrative language. On the other hand, they also have Swahili that is a mixture of Arabic and Bantu languages. Burundian used this language in order to do trade and business in much of East Africa and it is mostly spoken in the capital city, Bujumbura and in the region of Tanganyika Lake (Embassy of the Republic of Burundi, 2011). The last is English. It is taught in some of their schools and rarely used in their country but it is becoming increasingly important because of the international market and business world. Politics (Map of World, 2012) Stated Burundi government is based on republic structure. The Burundi government is divided into several branches for the convenience of administration. The major branches include executive, legislative and judicial branch. The executive division comprises of the president and the council of ministers and the legislative branch comprises of a national assembly and a Senate. The judicial section consists of the Supreme Court and the other constitutional courts. The president holds the most important position in the government of Burundi and is also responsible for electing council ministers during election. The President is supposed to serve the country for a five-year time span after which election is held. The political ideology of Burundi is election which for example in the government structure, the Burundians choose and elect their president, governor and others by voting. This ideology of politic is common in many countries, it is likely the same of the democratic term where people has the power to vote and express their voice to choose their own choices. Most of the democracy country like Burundi, the people in the country is the most influence in the political system. Religious Burundi religions consist of 60% of Roman Catholic, 5% of Protestant, and about 10% are Muslims. The remaining populations follow their traditional beliefs or do not have any religions. At first, the government regarded Catholic Church as a pro-Hutu. They required them to ask for permission if they want to arrange a religious gathering, they have also banned the Catholic youth movement and closed down the newspaper and radio station. However, the major Pierre Buyoya, ended all the restriction in 1996 when he served presidency (Map of World, 2012) Burundi human right has allowed them to choose their religion according to their preferences, they practiced freedom of religion. The Burundi government also considered discrimination and abuse to any religion law as a serious offence. But fortunately, the Burundians respects each other religion very well. The first Roman Catholic mission was set up in 1898,and the Protestant arrived in 1926. The Roman Catholic Church performs several social ceremonies; wedding is one of their ceremonies as well (Everyculture, 2012) And recently, they have allowed the couples that have undergone the HIV/AIDS test by showing their certificate. This action is to prevent the rise of the HIV cases and to increase people awareness about this deadly disease in Burundi. The leader of the Islam community named Mohammed el-Amin guides the populations of Muslims in Burundi (nationsencyclopedia, 2012) Even though the populations of Muslims in Burundi are considered very small, the government had ensured that they are not discriminated. Therefore, to honor the sentiments of the Muslims the government had declared Eid Al-Fitr as their national holidays of Burundi. On the other hand, Stanford (2007) stated that traditional religion is a form of animism in which physical objects are believed to have spirits. They have great respects to their dead ancestor. In the Hutu traditions, they often visit this spirit with no good intentions, whereas in Tutsi belief, the sprit’s influence is more docile. They had the beliefs that cattle has to be treated in a certain way dictated by the religion and are objects of prayer and worship. They also believed that fortune teller has a special power to connect with the sprit. The Hutu group sometimes uses their service to soothe the spirits of their ancestors. The dead ancestors are considered as an important part of their culture. They also arrange various practices and ceremonies to soothe their spirits, which are seen as powerful influences in the world of living. Social Structure Social Structure is a term that is used to show the social arrangements in society and determined the actions of the individual. The social hierarchy in Burundi was based on ethnicity and determined by occupation and heritage. In Burundi there are several ethnic groups with different social status and the Burundians usually recognized themselves according to their clans. Tutsi with about 14% of Burundi population enjoying the highest status followed with Hutu (85%) and Twa as the lowest. The Tutsi considered themselves to be an aristocratic group (royal) and sees Hutu and Twa to be their servants (Ndayizigiye, 2005). The process of group formation and perceptions differentiation was the determinant for the key leader in the group to make important decision in the communities. Early differentiation between Tutsi, Hutu and Twa may have realized in a deep psychological need for enemies. This social Hierarchy resulting a conflict between the two main ethnic groups that creates racial discrimination. However this kind of social structure is strongly politicized in Burundi nowadays. Culture’s Framework Hofstede Power distance. Judging from the culture, Burundi has a high power distance, which means that they had unequal power between their superior and follower. Besides that, high level of power distance in Burundi will affect the way they work in organizations. The people expect themselves to be told on what to do and when to do it. In a high level of power distance like Burundi, the inferiors are quite difficult to express their opinion or advice to the superiors. This also had caused the Burundians not to oppose to the higher level position in order not to lose their job. High power distance also means that Burundians would expect to be directed clearly by their chief. Thus, the Tutsi as the aristocratic group among the Burundians made most of decision-making. Decision-making will be done mostly from the top management, which will be distributed to bottom part vertically and the inferiors must follow the order from the higher level. There will be consequences or punishments if the followers do not follow the order or opposing the idea of the higher level position. Individualism vs Collectivism From our point of view, Burundians tend to work collectively towards their own people. But this collectivist relationship was built by racial based in which Burundi has Tutsi and Hutu ethnics. People will work closely with people from the same race, and may ignore people from different race. A person that has an individualistic will always be ignored in the society because the people around them also feel threatened as individualism only think about themselves and seldom think about the relationship of team in the collectivist culture. In this case, it may generate a racial-discrimination in a workplace. This kind of situation may not be good in building a proper workplace environment, where negative competition may occur in the workplace that is acceptable by the collectivist society. And by having a collectivism characteristic, they are willing to trust and help each other. They can build a better and stronger group to overcome a situation. Trompenaars Ascription vs Achievement If we see from the past history of Burundis culture, it can be considered to be more ascription. As we can see, nepotism was occurred when the eldest son of the Tutsi leader was elected to become the one who implemented a solution to solve the problems in Hutu and Tutsi. From our perspective when the societies are collectivistic, the people are more likely to be more in ascription term as they built their relationship into trust from time to time, so they will inherit what they had to the person they only trust. Basically, in the nepotism country, people will only give something important whether it is a task, job, inheritance or others to family related only. Universalism vs Particularism The rules, laws and regulations in Burundi are in particularize term in which this is how they judge of other’s people actions. They value more to rule and relationship based than rule based when it comes to business, business contracts and others. There are rules and regulations applied and have to be followed according to the contracts but it is not so absolute. There’s way to bend over the rule when the contracts are implied, unlike in the universalism term which the rules of the contracts are necessary to be followed and the one who breach the contracts have to be fined or sued. In Burundi, the relationship between ethnic and clan can affect on how the business going. They have a high sense of belonging within the ethnic that relate the business on strong relationship base. Edward T. Hall Communication The communication in Burundi happens to be an indirect and high context basis, because of the communication contain a high context information, the information begins to be implicit and misunderstood by other people. As a result, They cannot accept any comments from others society. As we can see from the clash of Hutu and Tutsi, they rather argue with each other rather than talk nicely to solve the problems. Despite that, Burundians have a strong sense of belonging to the group, they strongly bond to the family, community and in their own ethnic as well. They have a high commitment to long term relationships, and believe that relationship is a lot more important than the task. Therefore, in Burundi we are not suppose to praise someone secretly or blame someone in public because whenever we comment to a person, that will affect other people who are related to the person you comment. Project GLOBE Future Orientation The way of thinking of Burundians in doing business is more concern about the present and short-term orientation rather than future orientation. A country is able to develop better and faster when they have a good and powerful leader. A good leader should be able to adapt with the environment but in the history of Burundians, the people themselves did not give chance and trust to the leader to bring up the people to a better state in a long-term. They tend to act more spontaneously for their current problem. Meanwhile, their business planning can be considered short-term because it usually last about 2-3 years. This short orientation can affect the economic stability of the country because they do not plan for a long-term strategy Assertiveness Since Burundi has announced their independent in 1962, Burundians have been struggling in managing their political system. As what we have identified in the future orientation, the Burundians tend to think shortly by not giving a time for the country to plan and adapt. They value competitiveness, aggressiveness and more assertive towards the relationships with others. In fact, Burundi has gone through several incidents where their president was killed not long after the election. It was hard for the leader to bring trust and commitment from the Burundians, all the presidents had been trying to bring harmony to the ethnic diversity in Burundi. But again, neither Hutu nor Tutsi believed to people that are not belong to their group, to control and lead the country. This shows that the cultures of Burundi are highly assertive. Gender Egalitarianism In Burundi their gender egalitarianism is considered low which cause a great inequality on gender roles. There is a lower level of educational attainment of female compared to male. Almost all the female Burundians tends to do the house chores and take care of the children in the family, they also do a part of agricultural work such as planting. Burundians highly honour the female’s childbearing and their daily job. As for the male Burundians, they are the head of the family. Therefore, they do the most of the decision-making. They are usually making a living as farmers, doing business or taking a job in the government sectors. In the government sectors, there re almost no female employees. Uncertainty Avoidance Uncertainty avoidance in Burundi is high as they are the country with long history and they are resistance to change as the history. They had so many experiences in the past on what to decide decisions that avoid risk. And because they isolated to the outside world the culture is not too diverse and it is not easy to bring a new ideas into the culture and they tend to be more closed-minded that cause them not to accept any new ideas and they would likely to avoid ambiguity. In business world, they tend to follow on restricted procedures and policies in the country. To proof the business is running smooth what they need is a statistics paper that show the facts of the business. The people do not want to take any risk even though they have calculated how big or small are the risk. Humane Orientation Talking about Burundis human orientation practices, Burundians cultures are considered having a mid-level of humane orientation. This was shown by the sensitivity to racial discrimination towards different ethnic as they value high humane orientation practices. However, on the other hand, Burundians prefer to protect and see their own group as more important compare to others. Since the Belgian occupied Burundi in 1925, Tutsi was believed to have a higher power and position in the society. This has caused the Burundians, especially the Tutsi to be highly motivated by the need of power and material possession in the society. While the need for a sense of belonging and affiliation is the main reason why the Hutu motivated. Recommendation / Conclusion Leadership Style In general, the leader or manager in Burundi must have adequate adaptability skill to bring up the team. The leader must treat every individual as an individual because every individuals contributions are important. Hence, team leader should manage the pre judgement of stereotype based on their capabilities regardless of their gender, race, age and ethnic. The leadership style in Burundi is chaotic. In the past, they had done several elections to choose the right leader and unfortunately the Burundians did not accept the elected leaders in Burundi. Still, the cause of this case is because racial issues that happened in their country and it is the biggest part that influences Burundi’s problem. What had to be done is they need an effective leadership that can bring Hutu and Tutsi together and in order to accomplish that it is necessary for the leader to have a charismatic skill so that he can bring the trust to people in Burundi. When the trust is built among the two ethnics, a leader will be able to lead and inspire them with a better views and perceptions. In addition, the leader also need a transformational skills and that is to change the current situation by creating an environment where diverse people can work together and try to accept each other more willingly. Negotiations Tactics Negotiation always becomes the first stage in entering a corporate business. First of all, both parties have to be conscious and knowledgeable of sufficient information about the opposite party. In business no one would like to accept any loss. They always collaborate and try to understand each other to find a win-win solution as a part of building a good business relationship in trust and communication. In order to achieve that, relationship building must be done carefully to create an absolute understanding. Unfortunately, most people in Burundi are lack of relationship building that might affecting the negotiations negatively. By building a good relationship among the Hutu and Tutsi, people will start to decrease the racial barrier within them. If both of the ethnics are in a good term, any companies’ negotiations in Burundi will proceed accordingly. Therefore, information gathering and data sharing will be much more efficient and effective to avoid uncertainty. Giving proper and complete information will help them in developing trust among the two different views. On the other hand, since there are many misunderstood going on between the two different ethnics, it is a good thing that the Burundians have an explicit terms of persuasion because people will understand things clearly if they are to be told to the point of the problems. As nature part of negotiation, concession will happen to achieve a win-win situation. In Burundi concession should be done carefully for instance one of the party should not gave away too much that cause one side loss, because it may be result in another misunderstanding if the party of the negotiation has a ifferent mindset. After all the steps above have been done, agreement will be achieved without any regrets. Communication Tactics It is important for a country that has two different level of social structure like Burundi to critically identified the main problems that has caused the communication problems. Even though Burundians communicate in one language, they often misunderstand the meaning of the message. T hus, Burundians are expected to be patient and forgiving rather than aggressive and fierce in facing differences. Being a good listener by allowing people to talk and express their messages will definitely help them in understanding the message accurately. In order to keep the communication under control, Burundi needs a person with a knowledge that can tone down a strong statement that considered inappropriate. The person also needs to be able to adjust the timing what to be said and done. Management Tactics A term of â€Å"management† is always connected to leadership. A person must have a good understanding in Managerial functions; Planning, Organizing, Leading and Controlling. The management tactics that Burundi can considered is to implement a proper long term planning to increase the awareness to future problems and risks. They may improve the teamwork within the diverse ethnic of the people in the work environment to bring together the people and boost up its performance. Besides that, a leader should have a high level of leadership skill, in order to communicate, motivate, inspire, and encourage employee to achieve a higher productivity. Lastly, the leader need to find a better way to control the Burundians in order to keep them in track with the company’s goals.

Free Essays on Gender Bias in the Courtroom

Although there have been many changes in our society concerning discrimination against one’s gender, there is still one area that has yet to change. If we take a man and a woman convicted of the same crime, it is very likely that the man will receive a more callous sentence. Since the beginning of the colonial era, 20,000 people have been lawfully executed in America, but only 400 of them have been women, including 27 who were found guilty of witchcraft. In the 23 years since the Supreme Court reinstated capital punishment, 5,569 total death sentences have been given out by courts, 112 to women. Of these 112, only one has been executed, compared with 301 men. Leigh Beinen, a Northwestern University law professor who studies the gender bias in capital cases nationwide, thinks the reason so few women face execution has to do with the symbolism that's central to the death penalty. She said, â€Å"Capital punishment is about portraying people as devils, but women are usuall y seen as less threatening." In 1977, Guinevere Garcia murdered her daughter, and later received a 10-year sentence for the killing. Four months after her release, she killed her husband during a robbery attempt. This time, the court imposed the death penalty. Garcia had refused to appeal her sentence, and opposed efforts to save her. Death penalty opponents turned to Illinois Gov. Jim Edgar who as a state legislator, voted to restore the death penalty. The facts of the case swayed his opinion and just hours before the scheduled execution, Edgar commuted Garcia's sentence to life without parole, his first such act in more than five years in office. Juries and judges tend to find more justifying factors in capital cases involving women than in ones involving men, Beinen explains. Women who kill abusive spouses, for example, are often seen as victims. Women are more likely to kill someone they know without any premeditation, which is considered less serious th... Free Essays on Gender Bias in the Courtroom Free Essays on Gender Bias in the Courtroom Although there have been many changes in our society concerning discrimination against one’s gender, there is still one area that has yet to change. If we take a man and a woman convicted of the same crime, it is very likely that the man will receive a more callous sentence. Since the beginning of the colonial era, 20,000 people have been lawfully executed in America, but only 400 of them have been women, including 27 who were found guilty of witchcraft. In the 23 years since the Supreme Court reinstated capital punishment, 5,569 total death sentences have been given out by courts, 112 to women. Of these 112, only one has been executed, compared with 301 men. Leigh Beinen, a Northwestern University law professor who studies the gender bias in capital cases nationwide, thinks the reason so few women face execution has to do with the symbolism that's central to the death penalty. She said, â€Å"Capital punishment is about portraying people as devils, but women are usuall y seen as less threatening." In 1977, Guinevere Garcia murdered her daughter, and later received a 10-year sentence for the killing. Four months after her release, she killed her husband during a robbery attempt. This time, the court imposed the death penalty. Garcia had refused to appeal her sentence, and opposed efforts to save her. Death penalty opponents turned to Illinois Gov. Jim Edgar who as a state legislator, voted to restore the death penalty. The facts of the case swayed his opinion and just hours before the scheduled execution, Edgar commuted Garcia's sentence to life without parole, his first such act in more than five years in office. Juries and judges tend to find more justifying factors in capital cases involving women than in ones involving men, Beinen explains. Women who kill abusive spouses, for example, are often seen as victims. Women are more likely to kill someone they know without any premeditation, which is considered less serious th...

Importance of a comprehensive business plan Essay

Importance of a comprehensive business plan - Essay Example A comprehensive business plan for a medium sized restaurant can be sub-divided into three parts: business concept, the marketplace and financial position. These three components are split down into more than half-dozen components that encompass the overview of the business plan, a detailed account of the business dealing in food, market strategies guiding the food industry, analysing the position of market rivals, design and development, details about operations and management, and the financial standing of business (Letovsky, & Banschbach, 2011). Unlike small business plans with fewer pages, comprehensive business plans offer the business executives with a detailed outline on how to approach various challenges and capitalize on the strengths and opportunities for the successful running of the business. Business plans serve the important roles of providing a guideline for running the business, especially for start-up ventures in the highly competitive and delicate market environment - the food industry. Business plans enable many small and medium enterprises to cultivate trust with not only credit facilities that may offer financial assistance, but investors who may see it wise to channel a given amount of money to the business. Business plans can also enable a business owner running a medium-sized restaurant to know the position of his or her company in the market (D'Angelo, 2007). Owing to the comprehensive nature of details to be incorporated, a business plan for a medium-sized restaurant can present several challenges as the work of developing one can be daunting and could consume more resources from the amount set aside for starting the business. Components of a comprehensive Business Plan A comprehensive business plan for a medium-sized restaurant has several sections. These sections are clearly detailed to allow business to allow the business owner(s) and managers to have at their finger-tips, what the business entails and what needs to be done at partic ular moments in the life of the business. These include: (a) Executive Summary The executive summary provides a one-glance assessment of what the business plan contains. This section is important because it enables key stakeholders to understand the position of the business, and the assets which are available at the business executives’ disposal for easy deployment when the need arises. (b) Company overview The company report section outlines important details about the business, such as location, size, what the business specializes on and what the goals of the business (Gjerde, & Harlow, 2010). The company overview allows for an easy connection with various stakeholders such as customers, and suppliers for successful business operations. The company overview may also outline the locations of the market rivals, who in this case can be other medium-sized restaurants. This essentially allows for the deployment of the right strategies for competition in order to have an edge ove r the market rivals. (c) Products or Services The part of the business plan which outlines the products or services, ought to offer a clear description of the kind of products and or services the business sells with more focus being based on the value for money. This section cultivates a cordial relationship with clients, thus wins over their loyalty. (d) Market Analysis This section of the business plan should offer a comprehensive description of the

Preach a narrative sermon based on a short passage of Scripture Essay

Preach a narrative sermon based on a short passage of Scripture applying the learning from the Narrative Preaching Topic to its preparation - Essay Example The word of God in the book of 1Timothy 4:12 reads, â€Å"Let no one despise you for your youth, but set the believers an example in speech, in conduct, in love, in faith, in purity.† As a woman, you may be vulnerable to mistreatments due to world culture of consider females as inferior gender. People may abuse and insult you so that you feel to have a lower and powerless to defend yourself. The Bible encourages you not to allow people despise you because of your youth. The fact that you trust and believe in God establishes the foundation of strength and encouragement. Our God and Jesus His Son promised never to forsake the believers. Our Father is always willing and able to come to your rescue. Even God recognizes that that youthfulness is a moment of strength that people should most of what they desire (Spencer, 2014). Despite of the challenges and problems of youthfulness, God views youthfulness with great reverence. As a believer, you should not struggle to gain the trust of the world. Instead, let yourself be trustworthy to God and your life shall not have any blemish. Do not hate your aggressors or those who betray your trust. God will hear you and will not care about your sex. Ask God to give love, understanding and courage to face your worldly enemies. Just as the Bible verse advises, speak to the believers in love, faith, purity and conduct. You cannot exhibit love, faith, purity, and good conduct if you lack God’s mercies (Spencer, 2014). He gives the qualities to those who believe in Him and walk in His ways. Remember that God’s ways are righteous and pure so that any person who wants to walk in the way must desire righteousness and purity. Do not lose heart for The Lord has you in His heart and will be your anchor, protector and comforter when the whole world attempt to forsake you. In fact, it is better for the world to forsake you because it is then that God will accept you. The ways and the love of the world are

Ecological Evaluation of Environmental Problems Essay Example for Free

Ecological Evaluation of Environmental Problems Essay Biodiversity refers to the abundance of life forms (bio means life, diversity means variety or assortment). This includes different animals, plants and micro-organisms. The ecosystem where these living organisms belong, as well as their genetic make-up, is also part of biodiversity. Wide biodiversity is advantageous to species development as there will be various interactions going on among the different species. Among the most bio-diverse ecosystems are rainforests and aquatic ecosystems. Both land and water species can be found in these habitats. The existence, however, of these ecosystems are becoming endangered as a lot of human activities negatively impact these ecosystems. Forest destruction has been an existing issue for the longest time. Pollution – air and water – is also one of the most common problems different ecosystems and the environment itself are facing. Human activities also cause global warming which is not healthy for all living creatures. These things that people do to our environment can definitely be prevented and avoided. We can start by stopping the use of substances with chemicals such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which were identified as harmful to the ozone layer. This simple deed can help decrease the effects of global warming to the environment. Local governments should also enforce strict laws against forest destruction. Environmentalists can also start a campaign on reforestation to help rebuild destroyed forests and natural habitats. Maintaining biodiversity is important in human sustainability. Each life form is beneficial to one another. Plants are the producers in the food chain. Some primary and secondary consumers are also taken by humans as food, which is our main source of energy. Continuous destruction of the ecosystems leads to the decrease in these food sources. Thus, preserving the ecosystems and maintaining biodiversity should be seriously considered by everyone. Acid deposition starts with the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal and oil. Burning of these fuels produces nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide which are considered air pollutants. Volcanic eruptions can also emit these pollutants. When the nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxides get released to the atmosphere, chemical transformation happens and sulfuric and nitric acid compounds are produced. These compounds make the air acidic. Eventually, these acidic compounds fall to the surface of the Earth – the process called â€Å"acid deposition†. Deposition can happen in wet or dry form. Wet deposition occurs when the nitric acid and sulfuric acid compounds are transported with rain, fog, or snow. When these compounds are carried as fine particles by the wind, it is called dry deposition. Acid deposition cause severe damages to the ecosystem. Fish species found in lakes affected by acid deposition tend to disappear. Other aquatic resources in lakes and rivers tend to either disappear or die which creates an imbalance to aquatic ecosystems. Acidification also changes phytoplankton composition. Likewise, acid deposition also affects forests by killing a lot of trees due to the acidic compounds settling onto these life forms. This is evident in most forests where there are copper and nickel refineries nearby. This environmental problem can also trigger asthma and some bronchial infections to humans. The effect may not be seen immediately and may take years before it can be realized. In order for us to minimize the cases of acid deposition is to have a global initiative of reducing emission of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides which cause air pollution. Educating the entire world population of this phenomenon can be a good start. Factories and industrial plants burning fossil fuels should try to research and find other earth-friendly alternatives to those harmful chemicals. Cultural eutrophication is the accelerated aging of aquatic ecosystems, especially lakes, through man-made activities. Eutrophication is the natural process of aging of lakes which is characterized by an increase in the growth of algae and aquatic weeds. Eutrophication rate is determined by how fast the lake gets sediments and nutrients from the watershed, and this naturally occurs over a long period of time. However, if the lake is located in an urbanized area or developed region, eutrophication speeds as there is definitely higher number of sediments and nutrients getting into the lake. This is when natural eutrophication becomes cultural eutrophication. The increased sediments and nutrients, which are mainly phosphorous, usually come from road sand, oil, lawn fertilizers, gas, salt and organic matter being transported to the lake through stormwater or groundwater. Inefficient septic systems can also cause cultural eutrophication. This environmental phenomenon can be prevented through continuous monitoring of the local government. Environmental officials should identify the cause of the cultural eutrophication and determine where the increased sediments are coming from. Once this is identified, measures to prevent these nutrients and sediments from getting into the lake could be placed and enforced. Global warming, from the term itself, is the continuous increase in the temperature of our planet. Global warming is mainly caused by increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, ozone and methane forms a gaseous blanket around the Earth. This blanket traps the heat which is responsible for making the Earth warm; else our planet’s temperature would be well over 60 degrees colder. Global warming becomes an environmental issue because the gaseous blanket is getting thicker and thicker over the years which make the Earth’s temperature extra hot. The increase in greenhouse gases which causes global warming is due to burning of fossil fuels, agricultural byproducts, industrial processes, waste disposal and treatment among others. By the year 2100, Earth’s temperature will rise by 3 °C to 5 °C and sea levels will rise by 25 meters, at least, because of global warming. This would mean an increase in the occurrence of heat waves, floods, tornadoes and drought. Agricultural yields will be low due to these extreme weather conditions. Diseases will also spread easily. Global warming is already a known issue. The only thing that we have to do is to make significant changes in the way we do things like the use of fuels contributing to the increase of greenhouse gases. Little things can help curtail the effects of global warming such as changing filament light bulbs to fluorescent bulbs, making sure the refrigerator and freezer doors are always shut properly, and other measures of conserving electricity. This will not only help save the Earth from global warming, it will also help you save money due to less electricity consumption. Electricity is the most common form of energy people use daily. Currently, electricity is being generated mainly by burning fossil fuels. We all know from the above discussions that fossil fuel combustion creates air pollutants that contribute to acid deposition and global warming – in short, environmental destruction. If this way of using energy continuous, we would be in danger of losing a healthy planet to live in a hundred years. Another danger of this is not having enough fossil fuels to use in the future as this is not a renewable source of energy. Fossil fuels such as coal and oil can be depleted because there can only be as much of them in our planet. In order for us to prevent global environmental destruction, we should all try to use sustainable energy in order for us to have reserves in the future. Examples of sustainable energy are renewable sources such as wind, solar, geothermal, tidal and wave power among others. Power plants and electric companies should slowly convert their electricity generating processes to one of these in order to lessen the waste pollutants of fuel combustion. Big companies may also want to initiate a study if its facilities and offices would run on self-built solar power. Other than the big savings, it will definitely help in reducing the number of fossil fuel electricity consumers.

Strategic Management at Zhujiang Iron and Steel Company

Strategic Management at Zhujiang Iron and Steel Company 1.0 Introduction This material critically analyses the process of strategic management in the areas of nature of competition, the strategy, the strategy process, method of entrepreneurship and resources ofZhujiang Iron Steel Company (ZISCo). The analysis has been done by using some major theories such as gap analysis, balance score card, triple loop learning of ZISCo. Zhujiang Iron and Steel Company (ZISCo) is a Chinese state owned enterprise established in 1997. ZISCo is a steel manufacturer who produces wide range of steel sheets and plates that are used as inputs of various other products. In early 2003, ZISCo faced many problems in the key areas of production, procurement marketing and this has resulted in poor financial performance. In the past ZISCo implemented niche marketing strategy from 2003onwards, ZISCo planned to implement value creation strategy undertook many functional reforms with active participation from all its employees improved its financial performance during 2004 2006. However, in 2007 also ZISCo encountered various challenges, predominantly in the areas of cultural change, knowledge management, and development of organisational competence and learning capability Thus, this material initially analyses the current business strategies of ZISCo to understand the nature of their operations. Subsequently, conducts a PESTEL analysis, Porters five forces and value chain analysis to understand the environment of ZISCo, drivers of profit in the industry at present and the future. In addition, gap and balance score card analysis also has been done to understand the gaps that are existing in the context of ZISCo and to evaluate its performance. Strategic options can be considered to address the gaps that have been identified by the organisation. Therefore, the report will provide an exposure to the strategic options available used by ZISCo and whether they have effectively implemented the strategies. This has been done by analysis of 7S framework triple loop learning alone with an action plan. Finally, the report will suggest the recommendations where its applicable by providing justifications. The analysis of this report was done with the assistance of the case information provided and through industry related information from academic books, journals, websites and other publicly available secondary data sources. 2.0 Process of strategic management followed at ZISCo Businesses vary in the processes they use to formulate and direct their strategic management activities. The model enhances the development of strategy formulation skills by guiding the analyst systematic and comprehensive study of each business situation 2.1 Strategic factors and capabilities 2. 1.0 External environment From the PESTEL analysis Michael Porters five forces analysis it is clear that ZISCo is functioning in a very complex volatile environment which will impact all the strategies adapted by the organisation. Hence, a good understanding of ZISCos external environment will facilitate the organisation to exploit opportunities and avoid threats From the steel industry analysis we can conclude there are many well established key players in the Chinese market the industry has high potential to attract new players in future. Thus, the PESTEL variables in macro environment have major impact on the performance of ZISCo. 2.1.1 Internal environment Analysis of internal environment is a crucial phase to an organisation as it helps to identify the strength and weakness of the organisation. This would mean internal analysis will determine the required skills resources of ZISCo to cope up with competitors capabilities thus measures ZISCos effectiveness to gain competitive advantage According to the value chain analysis the main competitive advantage of ZISCo is technology leadership and implementation of value creation strategy in the steel and iron industry in china. However, through this analysis it is clear focus on quality was very low this is mainly due to the fact that quality department people were ignoring their responsibilities management did not place more care in this department as it does for marketing. 2.1.2Analysis of SWOT From the SWOT analysis key strength of ZISCo is that they have gained competitive advantage over technology leadership as they are the first company to introduce CSP technology in steel iron industry. In addition the other most important strength is their value creation strategy; ZISCo is the first company to implement value creation strategy and one stop shop services to their customers. Thus this will provide a first mover advantage to ZISCo as Chinese market moving toward planned economy to market economy. However, the primary weaknesses of ZISCo are poor quality products are being produced, has liability to pay bank loan interest of US$ 40million annually, and lower bargaining power in purchasing raw materials as a result of signing a contract with a supplier. The quality issues identified would erode companys goodwill among major most important customers; even company may lose its profitable customers for lack of focus in quality issues. Further the non current liability seems to be a huge amount, if proper care is not taken to settle the debt the whole company would go into liquidation. In addition company also faces problems with supplier; ZISCo will directly get affected if supplier does not provide raw materials on time in intended quality. Rapidly changing environment has influenced the performance of the organisation by creating opportunities and threats. The key Opportunities of ZISCo are Chinese economy is transforming towards market economy by creating an advantage for all the organisations in Chinese market and unsatisfied higher demand for container used steel sheets is a big opportunity for ZISCO. The unfavourable key factors that affect ZISCo performance and barrier to growth are slow moving organisational culture (slow change from production orientation to value orientation) , competitors imitating CSP technology and marketing practice very quickly. Further high raw material and electrical cost, the government restriction in steel industry such as limiting the number of employees been recruited and fixed price ranges are also threats for ZISCo 2.2 Strategies adapted by ZISCo Organisation can formulate strategies in three different levels known as corporate level, business level and functional level (Viljoen, J. and Dann, 2003, pg 235). As GISCo is the parent of ZISCo, they have adapted several comprehensive business strategies for their organisation. The business strategy of ZISCo is â€Å"value creation for both customers and company†. In order to follow this business strategy Zhujiang has adapted following strategies. Such as: Changing their niche marketing strategy to mass marketing strategy Pre-emptive strategy Differentiation strategy Cost reduction strategy New product development strategy Informal communication strategy Outsourcing strategy Adapting a new business model strategy 2.3 The performance of ZISCo The rapidly changing external environment has created some significant challenges for management of ZISCo. In order to analyse the overall performance balance score card approach has been used A general conclusion that the overall performance of ZISCO is at satisfactory level can be drawn from the balance score card analysis .However if we take each perspective in to consideration ZISCo has achieved maximum performance in financial and innovation learning perspectives whereas customer perspective and internal business perspectives are at moderate level. Therefore, ZISCo should concern on accelerating order cycling process to make improvements in internal business perspective performance. In addition they should also create possible steps to retain attract more customers by means of customer satisfaction. 2.4 Analysis of External, Internal and Stakeholders inconsistency To be successful, an organisations strategy must be consistent with the requirement of its current and expected future environment (external consistency), its capabilities must be consistent with the business strategy being pursued (internal consistency), and its performance from the existing business strategy must be acceptable to its key stake holders (Hubbard R.B, 2008, pg.167). Hence, an analysis has been done to identify the internal, external and stakeholder consistency of ZISCo According to the analysis of internal consistency of ZISCo it is evident that they have failed to adapt systems those match with their business strategies. This has ultimately created an internal inconsistency within the ZISCo. In addition, ZISCo also has external inconsistency as a result of government regulation on steel industry and changing market in china. 2.5 Gaps in Strategy formulation Gap analysis of ZISCo has been done on the basis of current business strategies of the organisation. Therefore environmental business strategy, organizational performance and business strategy gaps have been identified for ZISCo (Refer appendix diagram8). By analyzing these gaps it can be identified that ZISCo is trying to position its self uniquely in the market. 2.6 Strategic options available to overcome gaps ZISCo was not able to achieve their novelty among competitors due to gaps recognized in formulation of strategy. Thus, there are several strategic options available for ZISCo such as market strategy, generic strategy direction strategy. In order to sustain and gain competitive advantage all 3 options are equally important for ZISCo 2.7 The effect of competitors and stakeholders Stake holders competitors have major role in the performance of ZISCo. The key stakeholders who are exerting more power on ZISCo are government: Government has restricted the number of employees recruited by ZISCo; thus have created a barrier for further business expansions also government is controlling the prices of the steel products thus ZISCo wont be able to use the cost based pricing strategies add their target profit margins. Secondly, the bargaining power of suppliers is also high in the context of ZISCo because ZISCo has entered in to contract with limited number of suppliers. Thus this enables ZISCo to solely depend on them gives high power to the supplier. The other most important stakeholders are employees. They also create an impact on the business strategy adapted by ZISCo by resisting for the required cultural change. As employees have product orientation values it would be very hard to change them towards customer orientations. This would have greater impact in developing overall strategy of ZISCo. ZISCo would have to invest more funds for a long time period in training development since cultural change cannot happen soon as company requires. Finally, like all other stake holder mentioned above Customers also exerts high power in ZISCo because there is an unsatisfied demand for steel products in Chinese industry many market players are there. If a customer is not satisfied with ZISCo, the chances of switching brand are high. Therefore to survive grow in the competitive environment as ZISCo planned it should provide value to its customers. Competitors ZISCo is operating in a very competitive environment in which competitors are adapting to their opponents strategies very quickly. In the case of ZISCo also they have tried to adapt to CSP technology and tried harder to copy ZISCos business model and marketing practices. Thus, there is a possibility competitors can attack ZISCo anytime by imitating their unique innovations soon after the patent rights expire. Thus, this compels ZISCo to continually invest huge amount of funds in research development and in marketing. In addition to the local players ZISCo also faces high international competition in Chinese steel industry due to unfulfilled steel demand in China low costs of labour. These foreign players might have advanced technologies than ZISCo attack ZISCo simply in terms of quality. Thus, it is necessary for ZISCo to carefully understand nature of pressures exerted by both domestic international players and develop the most suitable strategy. 2.8 Implementation of gap Strategic implementation is complex and time consuming but success of an organisation lies on this stage. However good the business or corporate strategy is, it is off little value unless implemented (Hubbard R.C, 2008, pg 349). Therefore, during this phase, strategy makers should consider the question of who implements that strategy, what must be done and how the strategy is implemented (Fletcher, 2001, p.2). Hence, 7S framework has been applied to ZISCo to identify gaps the issues that should be addressed during implementation phase 2.9 Paradigm of operation ZISCo has shifted their paradigm from the conventional wisdom about how things have always been done and must be done to that of emergent strategies From previous paradigm ZISCo achieved efficiency productivity but did not produce products in intended quality that will fit the purpose of customers. Therefore ZISCo has shifted the paradigm from production orientation to marketing orientation by providing more value to their customers. In order to operate in new paradigm ZISCo has changed their market from niche to mass market, changed their organisational structure from functional structure to matrix structure and improved their financial performance through cost reduction 2.10 Recipe issues Recipe can be defined as a set of believes assumptions held commonly throughout the organisation, taken for granted in that organisation, but discernible to the outside observer in the stories of organisation history and explanations of events (Strategic management guide 3, 2004, pg 3). There are several issues have been identified for ZISCo in current paradigm In formulating strategy ZISCo did not define its goals objectives clearly which is critical for any organisation as it guides the employees towards mission vision of the organisation. Therefore, unstated purpose or goal of ZISCo makes the organisation unable to analyse the long term strategic purpose. Even though, ZISCo increased their financial performance by increasing profits through new business strategy still they unable to over come their long term debt. Therefore, this imposes a huge hidden financial risk on ZISCo. Another issue in relation to ZISCo is that cultivating a market oriented culture within the organisation while adding value to the organisation as well. In the past economy of china organisation strategies focused mainly on the production orientation, the value for production orientation already rooted strongly in employees minds is hard to change. Finally, ZISCo is loosing competitive advantage of CSP technologies as a result of competitors are adapting to CSP technology over past 2-4 years. Therefore, loss of competitive advantage (technology leadership) is a critical recipe issue for ZISCo. 2.11 Recommendation justification for ZISCo From the above analysis, I would recommend the following recommendations; ZISCo should implement vision mission in more transparent manner to their employees as it will help the employees to understand the long term strategic direction of the organisation. Thus, ZISCo should develop objectives that are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and within the Time limit. ZISCo can transform their organisation as a learning organisation by allowing more innovations, continuous improvement in new product development by investing more in new technology, empowering employees and providing freedom to experiment. ZISCo should adapt to a TQM (total quality management) approach to attend real-time quality issues and invest more in compliance costs (Refer appendix diagram 14) In order to add value for both organisation customers, ZISCo should focus on new management accounting concepts such as extended value chain analysis target costing. These concepts will add value to organisation by reducing costs will add value to customers by providing them the intended benefits or quality(Refer appendix diagram 15 ) The president should also consider changing his leadership style; He should act both as charismatic a transactional leader because the president had performed well in strategy formation but he didnt concentrate much on communicating monitoring the developed strategy. ZISCo can also diversify their product to such as refining metals such as steel alloys. This can be done by merging with a recycling company or starting them self. This might reduce the cost of raw materials and reduce suppliers bargaining power in purchasing raw materials. Further, ZISCo can sell the raw materials to outsiders gain competitive edge. ZISCo can implement Just in time (JIT) system rather than having buffer stocks for raw materials, work in progress finished goods. JIT system would help ZISCo to deliver goods on time will reduce inventory holding costs Further ZISCo should also focus more in managing its supply chain. It should reconsider the contract with suppliers because the present supplier seems to be not reliable enough poor in quality. Thus, management should consider signing contracts with few reliable suppliers (Refer appendix diagram 16 ) ZISCos communication system also should be developed because it seems there is communication gap between top people bottom people ZISCo. Even though, Middle managers are acting as effective communicators between two parties it is insufficient for an organisation that intends to create value. Organisation should extend their one stop shop services in many geographical areas. By doing this they can gain competitive advantage and increase customer satisfaction as it reduce the transportation cost and time of customers. Organisation also should concern on their employees by creating carrier opportunity and carrier development to provide a value to their employees by providing them future sustainability. 2.12 Action plan of ZISCo ACTION Measure Person Responsible TARGET (Period Ending) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Focus on growth strategies Market share, competitiveness President and Middle Management 6% 7.5% 8.5% 10% 15% Improve the CRM strategies Contribution to total revenue and net profit President and middle Management 10% 18% 28% 42% 55% Improve the quality of the final output Quality control measures Department of product quality 15% 25% 40% 65% 90% Create Learning Culture, Continuous Improvement and a flexible organization Innovation efforts, ability to correct mistakes and progress, quick response President and the middle Management 2% 4.5% 7% 10% 15% New Product Development New products developed R D 1% 2.5% 5% 9% 12% 4.0 Conclusion This case analysis has focused on the strategic management process of Zhujiang in the areas of nature of competition, the strategy, the strategy process, method of entrepreneurship resources of Zhujiang Iron Steel Company (ZISCo). The analysis has investigated apparent effects of the issues of ZISCo determined the causes of these consequences by use of appropriate theories. Based on this analysis, justifiable recommendations have been developed, which would redirect the organisation to its required respective strategic objectives. The recommendations for the organisations have been logically presented within a 5 year timeline which enables to generate the favourable outcomes while keeping the environmental changes in focus. At present ZISCo is operating in a very competitive market the competitive advantage of technology leadership is more short time oriented. Thus, in order to sustain in the market a key core competitive advantage is required for ZISCo as company planned the value creating strategy would be the most suitable. Further, the quality levels of ZISCo are inadequate. This is furthering them from their objective of value creation. ZISCo is putting efforts to move from a paradigm of production efficiency to value orientations. However, it is a great challenge to ZISCo as there are many gaps at ZISCo. The analysis indicates though the strategic objectives are appropriate for the environment, implementation of strategy is ineffective. Thus in conclusion it is clear that only by formulating effective strategies an organisation could not achieve its strategic objectives, unless it has the systems, procedures and most importantly willingness to efficiently implement the formulated strategies. 5.0 References Fletcher J (2003) .Strategic management Study guide and plan Edith Cowan University Perth Australia Hill,C and Jones G (1995) Strategic management an integrated approach (3rd)Houghton Miffin, Boston, Toronto Hubbard, G. Rice, J. Beamish, P. [2008] Strategic management Thinking analysis action 3rd ed Pearson education Australia Miller A, (1998), Strategic Management, McGraw Hill, 3rd Edition. New York.Study Guide: Strategic Management Viljoen, J. Dann, S. 4th edition (2003). Strategic Management, Frenchs Forest, New South Wales: Pearson Education Pty Ltd.